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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution based on natural selection is the defining force of modern biology. It brings together disciplines like microbiology, palaeontology, and genetics. However the study of evolutionary theory is often controversial, and the misinformation that results can confuse people about the fundamentals of evolution. This Web site helps to clarify the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the results of natural selection. This is a process which increases the number organisms with beneficial traits, which enable them to thrive and reproduce in certain environments. This means that these organisms have more offspring than those that do not have the beneficial traits. 에볼루션사이트 could lead to a genetic mutation which could eventually lead to new species. The term “evolution” is often ascribed to the notion of “survival of the fittest,” which implies that people who are most well-adapted to a particular environment will have an advantage over those who are not well-adapted. This is only one of the many ways that evolution can happen. Another popular way to use the term “evolution” is to suggest that species will progress from one state to the next. This theory of evolution is called anagenetic or cladogenesis. This is not backed by the scientific definition of evolution. Instead, the scientific theory of evolution focuses on changes that occur within populations over time, and these changes are caused by mutations that produce genomic variation and natural selection. Some scientists, such as the great Charles Darwin, advocated this view of evolution. Others, notably Alfred Russel Wallace, who created the macroevolution theory believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could have evolved from the lower forms. For a concept to be considered a theory, it has to be able to stand up to rigorous testing and evidence. Evolution has stood the test of time, and has been backed by countless scientific disciplines from biology to geology, from astronomy to chemistry. Evolution is a fundamental concept in science and is believed by a majority of scientists around the globe. Many people are misinformed about the nature of the evolution theory, especially how it relates with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is the scientific explanation for the way living things change over time. It is based on a variety of well-established observations that show that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive in the long run; that individuals differ from each other in their physical characteristics (phenotype); that different traits have different rates of reproduction and survival and reproduction; and that these traits can be passed down to future generations. These observations are supported by a growing amount of evidence drawn from molecular biology, palaeontology and climatology functional morphology geology. The theory of evolution by natural selection was initially conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century as an explanation for the reason that organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environments. It is the most widely accepted and tested theory in science. Its predictions were proven by the evidence that for instance, more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations. In addition the more successful an organism is at surviving and reproducing in its ability to reproduce, the more likely it is to pass on its genes to the next generation. Some people are against evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no purpose to life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious believers such as the renowned Cambridge Palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution isn't just compatible with belief in God but also enhances it (BioLogos 2014). In actual fact, a significant number of highly skilled evolutionary biologists, some of who are revered evangelical Christian leaders, have been involved in the development and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these scientists contributed to the understanding a vast array of phenomena, such as genomics and phylogenetics as well as the formation and function fossils. The word “theory” that is often misinterpreted, refers to a scientific hypotheses that have been tested and refined over a long period of time. Scientists test hypotheses through repeating the experiments or observations that led them to the conclusion. Therefore the theory of evolution theory has been repeatedly confirmed, as have the corresponding theories of Copernican theory as well as atomic theory and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual shift in the genetic makeup of different individuals within a species over time. This is the result of natural selection, which favors those who are better adapted to their environment. The better-adapted individuals have a better chance of survival and reproduction. As more people survive and reproduce, their genes become more prevalent within the population. This is often referred to as “survival of the most fittest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that cause genetic variation are the basic material for evolution. These mutations may occur randomly or be affected by the environment. When mutations occur randomly, the allele frequencies can vary from generation-to-generation. However, when the mutation is beneficial it can increase the frequency of the allele, causing it to spread across the population. As time passes, these changes in the frequencies of alleles can result in the creation of new species. The new species may grow and evolve into newer forms. This is known as macroevolution. The formation of a new species is usually caused by changes in the environment which make certain kinds of resources available or cause new environmental problems. The evolution of finches in Galapagos Islands, for example, is due to the availability of new food and the need to defend themselves against predators. In a larger sense, evolution is defined as any change that takes place in the characteristics of organisms over time. This change can be subtle, such as the development of a new color or dramatic, like the development of an organ. Scientists who accept the theory of evolution generally recognize the importance of genetic change in the process that causes evolution. They also agree that evolution is a process that occurs over time, usually over millions of years. They differ on the importance of various factors that can accelerate or slow down the process. For example, the role of sexual selection, environmental pressures, and mutation bias. Despite these disagreements, most scientists are still convinced that evolution is real and the evidence to prove it is overwhelming. What evidence do we have to support evolution? Throughout the years since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. A portion of this evidence is derived from fossils which reveal the changing traits of organisms through time. Similarities between living organisms as well as embryology, biogeography and genetics are further evidence. The evolutionary tree is the best way to prove evolution. It demonstrates how species are related. Homologous structures are another source of evidence. They share a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wing of a bat or bird. Evolution is evident in the way that different species adapt and grow to similar environments. For example, arctic foxes and ptarmigans have seasonal white pelts to blend into snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolutionary, which suggests that the species has common ancestors. Another evidence point is vestigial structures, which are unusable parts of an organism which could serve a purpose in the distant ancestor. For example, the human appendix is a vestige of a once-used organ that served to digest food. Natural selection causes the structures to shrink when they are no longer utilized. Scientists have also collected other evidence of evolution via observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution is grouped into six categories: directly observed small-scale changes, biogeographic distribution and comparative anatomy, the fossil record, genetics, and classification. Each of these provides convincing evidence that the evolution of life has occurred. Many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution. However, it is an actual fact. It isn't simply a flimsy theory. It is a mighty collection of years of research and observation that has been proven and tested. Regardless of what people believe or deny about the theory of evolution scientists continue to study and collect new data in order to further know the story of life on Earth. This information will aid scientists to understand how to avoid future catastrophes on the planet and how to best utilize the resources of our planet. This information will also allow us to better serve the needs and desires of the people who live on this planet.